Sleeping

Sleeping is a key element of 24-hour postural management. A well supported sleep, in a symmetric posture can reduce the build-up of pressure points, increase comfort and contribute to an undisturbed night's sleep.

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What Are Sleep Positioning Systems?

Simply put, sleep positioning systems are devices used alongside other postural management equipment, such as specialised seating and standing frames, to help a child maintain postural alignment and be comfortable in bed at night or when lying down.

They usually come in the form of supportive mattresses, cushions, foam covered brackets, wedges or rolls. They are typically whole-body systems, but some systems can be modular and can provide less support if needed.

Night-time Positioning is an umbrella term that encompasses sleep systems and more simple positioning methods (pillows, rolls etc) which may be used in children with less complex physical needs.

Despite the application and terminology involved around sleep systems predominantly being focussed on the night-time period, it should be noted that some sleep and lying positioning aids can be used away from bedroom and during the daytime. This may be useful to consider in early years when children are taking more frequent naps, or for when considering how to introduce a sleep system into the child’s routine initially.

The Importance Of Postural Management At Night

Sleep positioning systems tend not to be as routine as other forms of equipment like seating systems, standing and walking frames. However, this does not make them any less important.

We spend approximately a third of our lives sleeping and lying. For children this duration is even greater – babies can sleep 14 to 15 hours a day! This duration is likely to be even greater still for children who are immobile or have complex medical needs. When left unsupported, this is substantial time to go without postural management.

Whilst the child does not need to work hard keeping the body upright against the strong pull gravity like they do in sitting and standing, those with movement difficulties still face challenges to their posture in lying. In lying, various factors such as gravity, tone and unstable surfaces can still pull the body into asymmetrical and repeated postures. Over short periods of time, these postures can be comfortable, however due to the child’s inability to frequently reposition themselves during the night (think about how much you might toss and turn at night), these habitual postures can lead to muscle shortening and contractures that can significantly impact the their quality of life. That is why these postures are sometimes called ‘destructive’ postures.

 

What Are The Benefits Of Sleep Positioning Systems?

Introducing A Sleep Positioning System

Introducing a new sleep position can be difficult for some children, particularly for older children who may already have a preferred position to sleep in, or whose body shape has changed with time. In fact, when first setting up the device, it might not be possible for your therapist to achieve the desired posture right away, as often such a drastic change in position can be intolerable.

Sleep systems are typically designed to allow you to continually adjust the supports, so that you can adjust over time to reach the optimum position. This will help your child to become comfortable with the device, without rapidly changing from the posture they have become used to.

Where a child struggles to tolerate supports or a new posture, we recommend introducing the positioning system slowly over time. For example, you might encourage your child to spend short periods in the device during the day, or only attach additional supports once they have fallen asleep.

Frequently Asked Questions

Got questions about supported sleeping? We've gathered some of the most common questions to help you.

  • Who needs a sleep system?

    A sleeping system is designed to be used as part of a 24-hour positioning programme. As a general rule, anyone who cannot change their position in bed voluntarily, or only with great difficulty, can benefit from a sleeping system. This includes users with high tone and involuntary movement.

    The Mansfield Checklist is a quick assessment tool that anyone can use. It is a list of six Yes/No questions. If the answer to one or more is ‘Yes’, the child may well benefit from postural care.

  • Which supported position is best for my child to lie in?

    The answer to this question is unique to each child. The supine position (lying on our back) is often the easiest way to achieve a supported, symmetrical position.

    However, not everyone will tolerate the supine position due to other health issues such as reflux or risk of aspiration. A big change to a habitual posture can also easily cause sleep disturbance – we cannot assume that supine lying is a position that the child will find comfortable or sleep inducing straight away (again, think about the postures you find comfortable when going to sleep).

    If this is the case, we recommend choosing a time of day when there is a higher level of supervision to spend times in a more symmetrical position, and gradually build up introducing the system and its supports over time.

    A multi-disciplinary approach with advice and involvement from multiple healthcare professionals such as the child’s physiotherapist/occupational therapist/speech and language therapist/paediatrician etc, can help with achieving optimal positioning and sleep.

  • How long can my child sleep in a supported sleeping system?

    Most children will eventually sleep all night in a supported sleeping system. However, it may take several months to acclimatise them to their new sleeping position and get the best of it. Some users may only tolerate the system for a few hours at a time, but it's important to remember that two hours per night is equal to 730 hours of night time postural management.

  • What type of mattress would you recommend for a supported sleeping system?

    There are no strict guidelines on the type of mattress required for a supported sleeping system. Sometimes, the system itself incorporates its own mattress.

    However, we recommend a mattress that is of good quality, and meets the appropriate standards.

  • How long will a supported sleeping system last?

    It is difficult to provide a definitive answer to this, as the answer will be unique to each user. The Helping Hand company who manufacture the Symmetrisleep recommend that around five years would be a good lifespan for the fabric components.

  • Can I use a supported sleeping system on a "dynamic pressure mattress" or "turning bed"?

    Recent studies have showed that both dynamic pressure mattresses and turning beds can be used in conjunction with some supported sleeping systems.

    When combining your supported sleep system with a dynamic pressure mattress, it is important to make frequent inspections of the skin to ensure that there is no skin breakdown. We advise speaking to the child’s medical team to determine the appropriate sleep system and appropriate mattress.

  • What age can my child start using a sleep positioning system?

    Technically some sleep positioning systems can be used from birth due to their sizing. The earlier in a child’s life a sleep system is applied, the better chance of establishing healthier postures, good sleep routines for both child and carers and better outcomes overall.

    However, application of these systems in children under the age of 2 needs careful consideration. It is especially important that is guided by your child’s healthcare professionals. The risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) needs to be taken into account, especially in babies under 6 months of age. Impairments associated with neurodisability, such as reflux, increased choking risk and breathing difficulties, also need careful consideration on how to minimise their risks when positioning a child in a sleep system. Due to these risks, some international clinical guidelines do not recommend sleep systems for children with Cerebral Palsy under the age of 2, whereas other guidelines advise they can be appropriate if clinical presentation, assessment and clear clinical reasoning demonstrate a clinical need.

    Again, it is important to remember that sleep systems do not need to be used exclusively at night. They can be used for short periods during the day when more careful monitoring of the child can place.

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